NOTES

make -f hello.button.44.make

sudo make -f hello.button.44.make program-usbtiny-fuses

sudo make -f hello.button.44.make program-usbtiny

get pip

sudo easy_install pyserial

sudo python output.44.py /dev/tty.usbserial-AFV7I77P

Helpful Websites:

AVR types

Input Devices

clocks (10% RC, 1% RC calibrated, .5% resonator, 50 ppm crystal)

    - different way to tell time. 

light sensor

    - sensitivity determined by a pull up resistor

    - bigger resistance is sensitive to small changes in current, l

temperature sensor

    - best if use a bridge to find see changes at a smaller range

step response sensor

    - can figure out if things at the electrode is a  series or parallel
    resister/capacitor via step response

    - humans are series our body is the resistance and capacitance between
    us/feet to ground)

synchronous under sampling

- can step high then step low and see the noise level

- charge up and measure then discharge and measure

- difference between them is due to noise
     (adding first order cancels them)

- this removes background noise

sound sensor

- problem is noise and measuring a very low voltage

- need a clean v_ref done by voltage regular

sonar

- acoustic proximity sensor

    - time in return gives you distance.  Need two to ring off each other

Filters

Passive Filters

Active Filters

Digital Filters

Why filters at all? 

- When making measurement there is usually stuff you don't want.

- High frequency noise (filter helps separate that noise)

- Or improve resolution (want more digits of accuracy)

- At low frequencies there are varying baselines

- Advanced filter is getting 1 signal from many

Once your signal is strong enough than you can do everything in the digital world for filtering

Phase 1:  Getting to know my sonar sensor

Setup:

    -Using Arduino to send 40kHz pulse trains. (10 pulses every 10 milliseconds)

    -Reading analog out of the receiving sonar via Oscilloscope

Learned:

    -Correct delays to achieve 40kHz

    -Made sure that transmitted signal is able to be picked up by the receiving sonar

Phase 2:  Digitally reading sonar receive signal

Setup:

    -Using Arduino to send 40kHz pulse trains. (10 pulses every 10 milliseconds)

    -Reading digital out of the receiving sonar via Oscilloscope

    -20x gain of differential input of the sonar with v_ref of 1.1v

     (gain necessary for signal amplification 
     v_ref necessary to have a better window of resolution)

    -Output a high signal whenever input differential signal is above
     empirically determined threshold

Learned:

    -Played with the pre-scaler of the ADC to see how fast you can sample the
    output signal.  Data sheet said: "It is not recommended to use a higher
    input clock frequency than 1 MHz.”  But got away with 20Mhz/8 or 2.5MHz

    -Figured out a threshold (where you know you are getting the signal
    response of the sonar transmitter and not noise)

Future Work/Wishes

ToDo:

1. 1)  Have ATtiny44 produce the pulse train for transmitting sensor (DONE)
   

2. 2)  Figure out time difference from input signal to output signal (DONE)
   

3. 3)  Print PCB board (DONE)
   

4. 4)  9V power supply + mosfet for higher sonar signal out
   

5. 5)  Lower v_ref (more sensitivity, voltage divider)
   

6. 6)  Map timing to distance and calibrate

Files

Phase 3:  PCB layout

Phase 4:  sonar.44.c

Learned the following:

1. 1)Sending out 40hz pulse train using 12.5us sleep delays
   

2. 2)Figured out how much delay is necessary to pass the first wave of noise resonance (see figure above, yellow is pulse train, first blue chunk is the noise)
   

3. 3)Found appropriate sampling window
   

4. 4)Determined how much time from transmission to first read-back
   

5. 5)Figured out how much delay is necessary to move past the first ringing to send the next

Files:

    sonar.44.c

    sonar.44.make