Joe Paradiso (joep@media; E15-325)
November 18, 1998
Transduction
- Getting signals in and out of electronic systems
- Objectives:
- Feeling for basic techniques of actuation and (to a greater degree)
sensing
- Note that sensing of one mode easily converts into another
- Displacement into Pressure
- Position into level...
Handy Books:
- The Alarm, Sensor & Security Cookbook (Thomas Petruzzellis)
- AIP Handbook of Modern Sensors (Jacob Fraden)
- Sensors for Mobile Robots (H.R. Everett)
- Capacitive Sensors (Larry K. Baxter)
Magazines:
- Sensors Magazine
- Measurement and Control
- NASA Tech Briefs...
Info
sites, like:
- http://www.cms.dmu.ac.uk/~cph/VRbib/Tracking/trackp.html
- http://www.cs.indiana.edu/robotics/world.html
- Robotics Products site
Vendors (some examples)
Output Devices; How to drive them
- Grounded emitter configuration
- Emitter Followers
- Driving LED's
- Driving inductive loads (solenoids, motors...)
- Push-Pull circuits
- Power OpAmps (Apex, Burr-Brown)
- Motors, rotation
- H-Bridge motor controllers
- Stepper motors and controllers
- Shaft encoders
- Mechanical
- Potentiometers
- Optical
- Relative position
- Absolute position
Sensor Technologies
Pressure
- The carbon microphone; pressure sensitive resistance
- Force-sensitive Resistors
- Resistive bendy sensors
- Resistive strain gauges (use w. bridge)
- Fiber optic strain gauges (intensity, interferometric)
- Silicon pressure sensors
- Load Cells
- Pressure through displacement
- Capacitive, sonar, inductive, optical...
Piezoelectrics, Electrostrictors
Temperature
- Thermistors (Normal and reversed TC)
- Integrated temperature sensors
- Thermocouples
Proximity techniques
- Hall sensors (magnetics)
- Integrated magnetic sensors, modules
- LVDT
- Metal detectors, inductive
Capacitive sensors
- Modes
- Proximity
- Humidity, other applications
Optical
- Devices
- LDR's, Solar Cells, Photodiodes, APD's, PMT's
- Special photodiodes
- Quad cells
- Lateral Effect Photodiodes
- Linear arrays
- 2D arrays, CCD's
- Integrated video camera chips
- Pyroelectric devices
- Modes of use
- Focal plane imaging/tracking
- Occultation
- Range by Intensity of reflection
- Range by triangulation
- Range by phase slip of CW modulated light
- Range by pulsed time of flight
Acoustic
- The Microphone
- Magnetic, pickups
- Condensor, electret
- Piezoelectric
- Active sonar ranging
- Pulse compresson
- Beamforming, Beam Width
- Monopulse sonar
- Sidescan sonar
Radar
- General ideas (same as sonar; shorter wavelength and EM waves)
- LLNL Wideband monopulse
- Chirped ranging radar
Doppler techniques
- Relations
- Examples (Police radar)
Orientation Sensing
- Ball in cup (tilt)
- Tilt sensors (bubble levels)
- Compasses
- Permalloy bridges
- Flux gates, coils (Vector 2X, etc.)
- Gyros (incl. mems coriolis)
Inertial translational sensors
- MEMs Accelerometers
- IMU's (strapdown, gimballed)
MacroParticle detectors
- Smoke detectors
- Optical scattering
- Smell
- MEMs Resonators
- Bulk resistive
Fundamental particle detectors (radiation)
- Scintillators
- Cerenkov
- Silicon strip
- Gaseous ionization
- Drift, proportional chambers
- Geiger counters
Assignment
- Sensing your tuning fork...
Adjourn...