## Assignment - model (raster, vector, 2D, 3D, render, animate, simulate, ...) a possible final project, - compress your images and videos, - and post a description with your design files on your class page ## My past experience In the past, I've worked with laser cutting and 3d printing for a fair bit. In fact, I was even supervising the [Fabrication Lab](https://wp.nyu.edu/nyushanghai-fabrication-lab/) at NYU Shanghai during my fellowship in [Interactive Media Arts](https://shanghai.nyu.edu/content/interactive-media-arts). However, I wouldn't say I'm an expert in either of these technologies. I avoided using a proper CAD software and tried to get away as much as possible with Adobe Illustrator, TinkerCad, and straight up 3d scanning. Well, my limited skills didn't stop me from coming up with bigger ideas, some of which I later found out requires fabrication skills above and beyond the level I would like to learn in a short time. Below is one of them. ## Vannevar Bush's Memex When I first read Vannevar Bush's [As We May Think](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/), I found myself already 21-year-old and felt quite uneducated. It turns out the concept of hypertext was invented in 1945, just imagined differently with different technologies: a sophisticated microfilm projection setup. ## A Mechanical Film Projection Web Browser? Of course, now we have digital hypertext all around us on the [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet), but I like the physicality of the original proposal, especially low-tech solutions are having a comeback in the post-pandemic era. In 2020, I learned about [DIY Perks's DIY projector project in 2020](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfvTjQ9MCwY). Learning all my optics knowledge from Youtube, I think I could build one my version of Memex, starting with a film projection setup. At the time I was living in Shanghai, so the activation cost for kicking off the project was quite low. I sourced all the parts cheaply from Taobao. | Item | Cost | | ------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | | Foggy projector lens | $10 | | 200W COB LED light | $30 | | 300W power supply | $10 | | Two 300mm acrylic Fresnel lenses | $10 each | | Clamps and light stands | $40 | | Pack of transparent film for laser printing | $8 | | Laser printing | Free (at school) | Here's a diagram of the setup. Sadly, this is basically how far I got: an affordable prove-of-concept film projection setup. In order to implement hypertext-like behavior, there are two major challenges. What mechanics are needed for navigating through the entire document on the film? How to register clicks on hyperlinks and swap to a different film? So far there is no electronic component in the setup, which is part of the goal: to make the project as low-tech as possible. If I can do it purely with mechanical components, I wouldn't go electrical. If I have to go electrical, I wouldn't go electronic. ### For scrolling / browsing mechanics For scrolling / browsing mechanics, I'm thinking using clamping the film to a backplate where four corners are attached to a four omni-directional rubber balls. User control the film through a trackball device. And I'm not exactly sure how to connect the trackball device to the scrolling mechanism. ### For hyperlinks, film swapping I'm thinking using a mechanism similar to a [carousel slide projector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector) to swap the film. This means the film needs to be relatively small (probbaly microfilm size, which challenges the accuracy of the printing process). Let's imagine we will print out a few pages from Wikipedia that contains hyperlinks that reference each other. Each film would have an index. To implement hyperlinks, the relation between the bounding box (`x`, `y`, `width`, `height`) of the `` tag and the index of the film would be stored somewhere. We also need to encode the scroll position of the film when the user clicks on a hyperlink. When the user clicks on a hyperlink, the film would be swapped to the index of the hyperlink. ## The Plan My plan is to use each week's assignment as an opportunity to prototype different components of the **Mechanical Film Projection Web Browser**. With the fablab's equipment, I might even try manufacturing my own Fresnel lenses instead of buying them... This way, by the end of the course, I'll have explored various fabrication techniques while steadily building toward this analog hypertext dream. Time to make almost anything! ## References - [DIY Perks's DIY projector project](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfvTjQ9MCwY) - [Vannevar Bush's Memex](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/) - [Kodak Carousel model 4400](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector) ## Design Files - [Film projection diagram](/project-assets/week-1/film-projection-diagram.jpg) - [Scroll mechanism diagram](/project-assets/week-1/scroll-diagram.jpg)

Final Project Ideation

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Final Project Ideation to reimagine the modern web browser experience with low tech, kinda like Memex.