<br> [MAS.865](../index.html) > [subtractive](index.html) ### Surface grinding [TimeSaver](https://www.timesaversinc.com/solutions/metal-solutions) * burr removal * makes parts flat and parallel * feed through, vacuum bed, magnetic bed, or friction matt __Critical process for precision in manufacturing of many machine compononents__ * Linear guides: [Video of rail grinding](https://youtu.be/vupaijhAfFU?t=28) and [history](https://www.thk.com/?q=sg/node/2763) * Tungsten carbide milling bits: [Video of milling bit manufacturing](https://youtu.be/rXA4x5Cjfg8?t=1372) * Spindle shafts: [Video of air spindle shaft grinding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoI_bvPod_E) * Gage blocks, surface plates and other inspection tools: [Video of DIY gage block making](https://youtu.be/PBAQMJEjO9o?t=1143) _So far, we are unaware of a serious attempt at a DIY cutter grinder. But as a start, here is a [collection of ideas from CNC Cookbook](https://www.cnccookbook.com/diy-tool-and-cutter-grinder-idea-notebook/)._ ### Burnishing * Plastically deforming a part via squishing to make a surface finish without removing any material (this isn't grinding) * Roller burnishing head that can go into [CNC machines](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CO0iZjnYsCI) ![roller tool](type_dx_400x.jpg) ### Waterjet cutting Waterjets cut with an extremely high-pressure jet of water, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance (called garnet). Waterjet cutting is preferred especially for materials that are sensitive to high temperatures. <img src ='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Water_jet_cutter_head.svg/800px-Water_jet_cutter_head.svg.png' alt = 'waterjet diagram' width = '200'> _A diagram of a water jet cutter. #1: high-pressure water inlet. #2: jewel (ruby or diamond). #3: abrasive (garnet). #4: mixing tube. #5: guard. #6: cutting water jet. #7: cut material. Image from [Zureks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_jet_cutter#/media/File:Water_jet_cutter_head.svg)_ [Desktop - Wazer](https://www.wazer.com/) [Omax - ProtoMax](https://protomax.com/?utm_source=omax-quality-ed-light-commercial-application&keyword_session_id=vt~adwords|kt~personal%20waterjet|mt~p|ta~245694010010&_vsrefdom=wordstream&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsrLh59HB2gIVWksNCh1ylwiyEAAYASAAEgL18PD_BwE) [5-axis waterjet](https://wardjet.com/products/waterjet/accessories/5-axis?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIjqX91dDB2gIVBEwNCh38BAXDEAAYASAAEgKOUfD_BwE) [Zahner Metals](https://www.azahner.com/services/fabrication/): large-scale waterjet cutting (and other big machines) #### Micro-waterjet cutting [OMAX micro machining](https://www.omax.com/omax-waterjet/micromax) * can cut lots of materials * new and improved taper free cutting * new and improved precision +/- 0.0001" [OMAX micromax](https://www.omax.com/omax-waterjet/micromax) <blockquote>"capable of a positioning accuracy of less than five microns while retaining all the advantages of abrasive waterjet machining"</blockquote> <iframe width="900" height="600" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Lg__B6Ca3jc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Wildcard <iframe title="vimeo-player" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/304389466" width="900" height="600" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> [Adaptive Robotic Carving](https://www.giuliobrugnaro.com/work/adaptive-robotic-carving), Giulio Brugnaro <iframe width="900" height="600" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ix68oRfI5Gw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> [Sun Cutter](https://www.greenprophet.com/2013/03/sun-cutter-low-tech-laser-cutter-powered-entirely-by-sun/)