Other Processes Using Additive

Hybrid - Additive > Subtractive Manufacturing

Sources: "Compound fabrication: A multi-functional robotic platform for digital design and fabrication" - Steven Keating, Neri Oxman (MIT, published 2013) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736584513000409

• ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING JOURNAL (Volume 29, Issue 6, December 2013) Compound fabrication: A multi-functional robotic platform for digital design and fabrication - Steven Keating, Neri Oxman

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2013.05.001

DMG MORI (Tokyo)

• DED Hybrid
  • https://us.dmgmori.com/products/machines/additive-manufacturing/powder-nozzle/lasertec-65-ded-hybrid
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Coy0V7WmCpk&t=60s (1min mark)
  • DED Powder Laser Head > Subtractive Manufactured (CNC)
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Challenges

• STL (Stereolithography File Format) - CAD models can be approximated using planar triangles via tessellation

• Source: Ten Challenges in 3D Printing: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00366-015-0407-0
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• Layer Lines

• Source: Ten Challenges in 3D Printing: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00366-015-0407-0
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• Multi-Material Printing

  • MIT News: https://news.mit.edu/2015/multifab-3-d-print-10-materials-0824
    • "MultiFab" - Vision-assisted, multi-material 3D Printer (2015)
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poRFPjiB9vw
  • FDM - Single Nozzle, "Multi-Material" inputs.
    • Effective in multi-color where the material properties are nearly identical and color additives have no impact to mechanical and thermal properties.
    • Not effective in true-multi material as thermal properties have drastically different characteristics, speeds, etc.
  • Tool Changers / IDEX (Independent Dual Extrusion)
    • Better for multi-material
    • Mechanically more complex
      • Tool changers require automated calibration and exact Z-axis offset
  • LPBF - Multi Material Gradient Structure in Powder Bed Fusion
    • "Enabling Multi-Material Gradient Structure in Laser Powder Bed Fusion"
      • Ali Gokhan Demir, Jinwoo Kim, Fabio Caltanisetta, A. John Hart, C Cem Tasan, Barbara Previtali, Bianca Maria Colosimo
      • Politecnio de Milano Mechanical Engineering, MIT Material Science and Engineering and MIT Mechanical Engineering.
    • AISI 3161 and Fe35Mn
      • Substitute allow composition of Ni Cr and Mo (from AISI 3161) with Mn (to Fe35Mn)
      s
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    • https://www.dropbox.com/s/id7u2ughwcz0gz5/197_Demir_22_Enabling%20multi-material%20gradient_Powder.pdf?dl=0